2020年度の活動@オンライン

川崎です。4ヶ月半ぶりの投稿です。

本ブログには毎年30〜45（最多は2016年の66）の投稿がありますが、今年はCOVID-19の影響で3月以降に現地調査が出来なくなったため、投稿が完全に止まっています。しかしながら、グループでの研究活動はオンラインでの定期ゼミを中心に、粛々と進めています。

9月には、ウズベキスタンとスリランカからの留学生が修士課程を、パキスタンからの留学生が博士課程を修了します。

「現場での観察と体感」「現地の人との対話」を最重視している川崎グループとしては、現在はひたすら我慢の時ですが、今だからこそ出来ることを大事にしながら、前に進んで行きたいと思います！

川崎グループ研究活動の概要

川崎グループの研究活動の概要に関するリンクをまとめてみました。当グループへの配属に関心がある方は目を通していただけると良いかと思います。

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研究紹介記事
　川崎グループの研究がSDGsに貢献する研究として東京大学未来社会協創推進本部（FSI）のウェブサイトに掲載されています。

　・あふれるばかりの水と、愛
　・途上国での災害と貧困の関連性分析
　・水をめぐるアジア史を、空間解析から読み解いていく
　・デルタ危機と水害レジリエンス：自然環境、インフラ、社会経済構造の多次元分析モデルの探求

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プロモーション・ビデオ
　現役学生が制作してくれました。どうぞご笑覧ください。

　・川崎グループPV

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川崎グループが目指すもの
　当グループの学術研究的および教育的ミッション的なものを文章にまとめてみました（PDFファイル）。かなり理想も入っています。漠然とした話ですみません。1年以上も前に書いたものですが、当グループに興味のある方は一度目を通してもらえればと思います。

　・川崎グループの学術研究的・教育的使命

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研究を進める上での基本方針
　2018年3月に書いた以下のブログ記事に基本方針を書きましたので、こちらもお目通しください。

　・川崎Gこれまでの成果

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これまでの研究とその成果

　・2019年度の研究成果　
　・2017年度のスライド1枚、研究紹介（2018年4月）
　・卒論の成果！（2017年1月）

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必要であれば、Zoomなどで個別相談にも応じます。
よろしくお願いいたします。

川崎

kawasaki（あっと）hydra.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp

2019年度の研究成果

2019年度の川崎グループの研究成果をまとめてました。青字が所属する学生や研究員のお名前です。優秀かつ勤勉な学生や研究員と一緒に研究ができて、とても刺激的な毎日で、ありがたい限りです！

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卒業論文
齋藤悠宇　中国⻑江における⽔運インフラの発展に対する CMCS の役割

修士論文
下村菜摘　頻発する洪水による格差拡大過程の実証：都市化による貧困の悪循環の深刻化に関するケーススタディ

山上千波　洪水リスク減少に伴う生計向上モデルの構築：洪水対策の便益評価への統合に関するミャンマーでのケーススタディ

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査読付き学術論文（17編）

1)     Kawasaki, A., Kawamura, G., Win, W.Z. (2020) A local level relationship between floods and poverty: A case in Myanmar. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 42, 101348.  doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101348

2)   Yonehara, S., Kawasaki, A. (2020) Assessment of the tidal effect on flood inundation in a low-lying river basin under composite future scenarios. Journal of Flood Risk Management. 2020;e312606. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12606

3) Silva, M.D., Kawasaki, A. (2020) A local-scale analysis to understand differences in socioeconomic factors affecting economic loss due to floods among different communities. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 47, 101526.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101526

4)   Komori, D., Kawasaki, A., Sakai, N., Shimomura, N., Harada, A., Okuda, K., Chit, B.B.W., Thu, A.M., Htun, K.Y., Toe, W., Win, W.Z., (2020) Characteristic of the 2018 Bago River flood of Myanmar. Journal of Disaster Research, 15(3), 256-266.

5)     Thin, K.K., Win, W.Z., San, Z.M.L.T., Kawasaki, A., Moiz, A., Bhagabati, S.S. (2020) Estimation of run-of-river hydropower potential in Myitnge River Basin. Journal of Disaster Research, 15(3), 267-276.

6)   Acierto, R.A., Kawasaki, A., Win, W.Z., Aung, T.O., Khon, R., Komori, D. (2020) Impact of bias-correction methods in assessing the potential flood frequency change in Bago River. Journal of Disaster Research, 15(3), 288-299.

7)   Win, S., Win, W.Z., Kawasaki, A., San, Z.M.L.T. (2020) Development of flood damage estimation model for agriculture – Case study in the Bago floodplain, Myanmar. Journal of Disaster Research, 15(3), 242-255.

8)   Myo, H.T., Win, W.Z.,  Shwe, K.P., San, Z.M.L.T., Kawasaki, A., Acierto, R.A. (2020) Projecting Rainfall, Temperature and Impact of Climate Change on Discharge of the Bago River Basin, Ayeyarwady Delta. Journal of Disaster Research, 15(3), 324-334.

9)     Win, W.Z., Kawasaki, A., Hörmann, G., Acierto, R.A., San, Z.M.L.T., Thu, A.Y. (2020) Multivariate flood loss estimation of 2018 Bago Flood in Myanmar. Journal of Disaster Research, 15(3), 300-311.

10) San, Z.M.L.T., Win, W.Z., Kawasaki, A., Acierto, R.A., Oo, T.Z. (2020) Developing Flood Inundation Map using RRI and SOBEK models: A Case Study of the Bago River Basin, Myanmar. Journal of Disaster Research, 15(3), 277-287.

11)  Kodaka, A., Shirai, N., Bhagabati, S., Kohtake, N., Kawasaki, A., Acierto, R.A., Win, W.Z. (2020) Requirement elicitation for data visualization to decision making support for water resource management in Bago River Basin, Myanmar. Journal of Disaster Research, 15(3), 312-323.

12)  Shimozono, T., Tajima, Y., Akamatsu, S., Matsuba, Y., Kawasaki, A. (2019) Large-Scale Channel Migration in the Sittang River Estuary. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 9862. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-46300-x

13)  Pandey, B.K., Khare, D., Kawasaki, A., Mishra, P.K. (2019) Climate change impact assessment on blue and green water by coupling of representative CMIP5 climate models with physical based hydrological model. 33(1), 141–158. Water Resources Management, doi.org/10.1007/s11269-018-2093-3

14)   Maung, S.W., San, Z.M.L.T., Win, W.Z., Kawasaki, A., Kyu Kyu Thin (2020) Application and flood discharge analysis with hydrological model (WEB-DHM) in Bago River Basin. J Journal of Disaster Research, 15(3), 344-352. [Note]

15) Bhagabati, S.S., Kawasaki, A., Takeuchi, W., Win, W.Z. (2020) Improving river bathymetry and topography of a low-lying flat river watershed by integrating different data from multiple sources. Journal of Disaster Research, 15(3), 335-343. [Survey Report]

16)    奥田康平, 川崎昭如, 濱口竜平 （2019） 衛星画像と世帯調査データを用いた建物ごとの収入レベルの推定. GIS－理論と応用, 27(2), 9-18.

17)     田平由希子， 川崎昭如 （2019）タイ王国都市部における集合住宅の洪水対策についての考察．地域安全学会論文集, 34, 11-18.

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川崎グループPV

川崎グループの研究活動を紹介する動画を、大学院生の米原慎さん（当時）と西原克哉さん（現M2）に作ってもらいました！どうぞご笑覧ください。

2019　ミャンマー編
撮影・編集：西原克哉

2018　ミャンマー編
撮影・編集：米原慎

2017　ミャンマー編
撮影・編集：米原慎

東大SDGs

東京大学の未来社会協創推進本部の登録プロジェクトとして、以下の二つのプロジェクトを掲載してもらいました。

途上国での災害と貧困の関連性分析
<https://www.u-tokyo.ac.jp/adm/fsi/ja/sdgs_project188.html>


デルタ危機と水害レジリエンス：自然環境、インフラ、社会経済構造の多次元分析モデルの探求
<https://www.u-tokyo.ac.jp/adm/fsi/ja/sdgs_project067_00022.html>


川崎

Field trip to Yanba Dam – Day 1

By Liu Chang

Hello everyone, this is Liu Chang writing about our field trip to Yanba Dam from 3^rd September to 4^th September. Just for your information, Yanba Dam is a dam project that is under construction in Naganohara, Agatsuma District, Gunma Prefecture, Japan. The project is currently under construction, with completion slated for 2019. Planning for the dam began in 1947, and it was planned to be completed by 2015. The dam is famous for its construction causing local opposition and ballooning budget.

Trip Map from Google Map: https://maps.google.co.jp/

As we can see from the trip map above, we get together at 8:30 at Ikebukuro station. After taking some more members at Takazaki station, we finally arrived at Hometown Hotel (八ッ場ダムふるさと館). There we have an interesting lunch which is known as Dam Curry (ダムカレー). The name was from its special shape imitating Yanba Dam.

Dam Curry

After having lunch, we find some interesting posters in the hotel which describes the history of construction of Yanba Dam. As it shows below, it has taken a lot of time discussing and communicating with residents, which makes it one of the most time-consuming dams.

Posters about construction history

When we drive to the dam site, we see Yanba Dam from the windows.

Then we get to the Construction Office, where a brief introduction was given. Yanba Dam is built to be a gravity dam. A gravity dam is a dam constructed from concrete or stone masonry and designed to hold back water by primarily using the weight of the material alone to resist the horizontal pressure of water pushing against it. With a height of 116 m, Yanba Dam is the 50^th highest dam in Japan. And it will be designed to apply 11,700 kw electricity with controlling a discharge range from 3,000 to 200 m³/s. A lot of techniques are being used to complete the construction, one of the most impressive is the Cruise RCD (巡航RCD工法). This technique built the stone in the middle first and then cover it with concrete.

Cruise RCD from Iwakigawa Dam Integrated Management Office:  http://www.thr.mlit.go.jp/tugaru/specifi/rcd3.html

Later, we get another chance to go near to the construction site and see the details. From the detailed trip we see that to facilitate the construction, a long rail was built to transport the aggregate. And the rock was taken from a small mountain nearby. After one or multiple times of comminution, the rock was departure due to different size. Because of classification reason, we are not supposed to post any photos.

Then we finally get to the Kusatsu Hotel. Before dinner we have a small group work on three themes about the usage and future of Yanba Dam. Our group chose to discuss about how to arrange some activities of Yanba Dam. Finally, Haga-san gave a fascinating presentation about 1) some boat sightseeing on dam river; 2) project mapping on dam; 3) climbing activity on dam.

Discussion on group work

Finally, we had a relaxing party with members and staffs. The food is so delicious. Although we must stop for a while for digest and some brief introduction about our lab.

Introduction of REEL

One more interesting thing is at the ending of party, Kawasaki-sensei taught us a new style of Banzai. It is some gestures imitating a strong dam trying to lift some heavy water. And by the way, the hot spring is really hot for a foreigner like me!

One Year at The University of Tokyo

Dear Kawasaki Group,

Hi, it is Yi-Chia. It has been a year since I arrived at The University of Tokyo. Thank you all for helping me along the way. I really enjoyed the time in our group. In this article, I would like to share my impressions of learning in Japan with you, including two parts: on-campus and off-campus. 

On-campus

M2 B4送別会, March 2018

First of all, there are three main advantages making our lab distinguished.

1. Diversity 


More than half of our members are international students from various countries: Pakistan, Philippines, China, India, Sri Lanka, and Taiwan. It is a valuable experience for our group members to learn from people of different backgrounds and cultures. Such diversity may inspire us through communication to create more values.

2. International research 


Our group has the strong development of research in many countries; for instance, Myanmar, India, China, and Japan. One of the focused countries is Myanmar. Visiting Myanmar inspired me to find my commitment to make the developing countries more resilient to flood and climate change. Such international research experience will absolutely equip us with great vision and uniqueness.

3. Practical solutions 


Most of our researches aim to provide the practical solutions to real-world problems. The solutions usually require the cooperation with international development agencies, local government, and relevant stakeholders. I learned significantly by discussing with all communities, including JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency), YTU professors and students, Myanmar government engineers, and Pasco Corporation.

Besides the research advantages, I am grateful for the farewell parties and the interesting gifts from our lab members and friends. Here are some photos of them.

学期末パーティと綺麗な扇子 

川崎グループ送別会

芳賀君の七億円扇子と浅草酒杯

武藤さんの今治タオル

面白いプレゼント

Maybe some of you have not read my master thesis, I post the part of acknowledgment that I wrote in my thesis here. 

“

    I would like to express my sincere appreciation to Dr. Akiyuki Kawasaki, my supervisor at The University of Tokyo. Dr. Kawasaki contributes professional opinions and significant support to this thesis. The visit to Bago River Basin helps me to better understand the real flood threats to the local residents. Dr. Koji Ikeuchi, Dr. Takeyoshi Chibana, and Dr. Satoshi Watanabe lead the fruitful discussion in River Environmental Engineering Laboratory. Dr. Ralph Acierto provided the dynamical downscaling and bias correction data, which is critical in this research. Mr. Tomoaki Itaya supported the development of CNN downscaling model. This research could not be accomplished without these kind helps.

    To River Environmental Engineering Laboratory Kawasaki Group members: Wei san, I always have the pleasure and constructive discussion with you. Good luck to your research in Harvard and anywhere! Seemanta san, thanks for your RRI model. Gouri san, good luck to your Ph.D. thesis and your future career! Moiz san, it is always fun to have lunch and heard your interesting stories. Good luck with your brilliant Ph.D. research! Yonehara san, although we stayed in the same lab only several months, I learned a lot from you, both in Bago research and in Japanese daily lives. Hope you enjoy the career in JR! Yuya san, thank you for lending me the guitar. Good luck to your work in CTI Engineering. Haga san, wish you the best to your master thesis! Liu san, good luck to your ancient China flood research! Yamagami san, Shimomura san, Okuda kun, Nishihara san, wish you all the best in your future work. I especially thank Muto san for being my tutor and supporting my primary stage of stay in Tokyo.

”

Off-campus 

I also got chances to visit many magnificent places and made life-long friends. Here is just a glimpse of several views.

仙娥滝（山梨県昇仙峡）

白川郷（岐阜県）

金沢市（石川県）

目黒川花見（東京都）

キツネ村（仙台市蔵王町）

江戸川区花火大会（東京都浅草）

赤レンガ倉庫（神奈川県横浜市）

足利フラワーパーク（栃木県）with my best friends

株式会社パスコのインターン

Hallstatt, Austria

Bago, Myanmar

東京大学本郷キャンパス工学部1号館 (my second home in Tokyo)

One year is short but long enough to make some changes. I completed my master thesis, gained the internship experience, traveled to many places, learned Japanese, and made great friends. It is definitely a fruitful, fun and solid journey in REEL and Kawasaki Group.

皆様 お世話になりました。

いい思い出日本の学生生活を過ごすことができました。

感謝の気持ちがいっぱいです。ありがとうございました。まだ東京で会いましょう。

台湾に来られる機会あれば、ぜひ 連絡ください。

Yi-Chia

スライド1枚、研究紹介

2017度の当グループの学生・研究員の研究成果を各自スライド1枚にまとめてもらいました！

・研究題目をクリックすると、ファイルが開けます。
・学年等の情報は2017年度当時。

【学部生】
「人口減少と気候変動の双方を流域スケールで考慮した洪水被害推定手法の提案」（学部4年・中村みゆき）

「ダム建設を巡る反対運動の争点の変遷と社会情勢との関連の分析」（修士1年・芳賀泰平）

【修士課程】
「潮汐を考慮した河川氾濫モデルの構築と複合的将来シナリオの影響評価」（修士2年・米原慎）

「発展途上国における都市拡大予測の信頼性および都市拡大に伴う洪水外力と暴露増加の評価手法の開発」（修士2年・祐谷大輝）

「Decision-support for hydropower planning」（修士2年・Abdul MOIZ）

「A Deep Learning Approach to Downscaling Precipitation for Flood Risk Assessment over Data-scarce Region: Case Study of Bago River Basin, Myanmar」（修士2年（交換留学）・Yi-Chia CHANG）

「ミャンマー・バゴー川流域での既存ダム有効活用に向けた調査」（修士1年・芳賀泰平）

「Development of Inundation Model in Complex River Network」（修士1年・劉暢）


【博士課程】
「Development of a near-real time flood inundation analysis system for a deltaic flat river basin in a data-scarce region: Case of the Bago River basin, Myanmar」（博士3年・Seemanta Bhagabati）

「Impact of climate variability and water-related disasters on rural livelihood and poverty; A case study in Sri Lanka」（博士3年・Gouri Silva）


【研究員】
「Basin-scale Future Flood Impact Assessment: Bago River in Myanmar」（特別研究員・Ralph Acierto）

研究プロジェクト2018

今年度、本グループが関わる研究プロジェクトです。

何れもこれまでに前例のない挑戦的研究課題ばかりですが、学際研究チームを組んだり、産学官で連携しながら取り組んでいきます！

『デルタ危機と水害レジリエンス：自然環境、インフラ、社会経済構造の多次元分析モデル』
プログラム：　科学研究費・基盤研究(A)
研究代表者：　川崎
対象地：　　　東南アジアのデルタ地帯
共同研究機関：　大阪大（文化人類学）、埼玉大（経済学）、北海道大（工学）等


『近代アジアにおける水圏と社会経済 ― データベースと空間解析による新しい地域史の探求』
プログラム：　科学研究費・基盤研究(S)
研究代表者：　東京大学・大学院経済学研究科・城山智子 教授
対象地：　　　中国長江流域、インド南西部、タイ、インドネシア
共同研究機関：　東大経済学部等
役割：　　空間解析ユニット班リーダー
URL: 　　http://www.hysoc.e.u-tokyo.ac.jp/index.html

『DIAS水力発電用アプリケーションの開発』
プログラム：　文部科学省 地球環境情報プラットフォーム構築推進プログラム
研究代表者：　東京大学・EDITORIA・池内幸司 教授
対象地：　　　大井川上流域、信濃川支流犀川上流域　　
共同研究機関：　土木研究所ICHARM、日本工営、東京電力、中部電力
URL：　　https://www.jst.go.jp/global/kadai/h2607_myanmar.html


『ミャンマーの災害対応力強化システムと産学官連携プラットフォームの構築』
プログラム：　　JICA / JST 地球規模課題対応国際科学技術協力プログラム
研究代表者：　　東京大学・生産技術研究所・目黒公郎 教授
対象地：　　　　ミャンマー・バゴー川流域　　　　
共同研究機関：　ヤンゴン工科大学、ミャンマー政府、東大海岸研、東北大等
役割：　　　　　水害グループ・リーダー
URL：　https://www.jst.go.jp/global/kadai/h2607_myanmar.html


『タイ王国産業集積地のレジリエンス強化を目指したＡｒｅａ－ＢＣＭ体制の構築』
プログラム：　　JICA / JST 地球規模課題対応国際科学技術協力プログラム
研究代表者：　　名古屋工業大学・工学研究科・渡辺研司 教授
対象地：　　　　タイ・バンコク周辺の工業団地　　　　
共同研究機関：　チュラーロンコーン大学、名工大、慶應大等
URL:　　https://www.jst.go.jp/global/kadai/h2908_thailand.html


『健全な未来都市への知的デザイン：持続可能なグリーン都市に向けた食料・水・エネルギーネクサスアプローチ』
プログラム：　ベルモント・フォーラムＣＲＡ（国際共同研究）
研究代表者：　総合地球環境学研究所・谷口真人 教授
共同研究機関：　総合地球環境学研究所等
URL: 　　http://www.jst.go.jp/pr/info/info1298/index.html

Myanmar Maintenance Field Trip Diary 20180325-0330

20180325

By Liu Chang

Today is the first day traveling to Myanmar. Ralph-san, Sam-san, Haga-san and me come to Myanmar for the maintenance of weather station along Bago River. The flight take off at 11.25 am and arrive at Yangon at 16.00 pm.

Although the weather is really hot (37 °C), I’m still excited about the coming trip in an unacquainted country. After arriving, we take a taxi to YTU (Yangon Technical University). Here we make our acquaintance with Okazaki-san, Nakamura-san and Tin Aye from JICA. After printing the manual and preparing the equipment, we drive to our hotel.

Interior of SATERAPS office in YTU

Leaving for Aroma Rose Hotel

One more thing to mention is that the food in Myanmar is really delicious. Thanks to Nakamura-san’s recommendation, we enjoy a great dinner.

20180326

By Liu Chang

Today is the first day for a real field trip. The plan is to go to Salu Dam for maintenance. Apart from the four of us, Chit Bo Bo Win, San Win Maung from YTU and Aung Myat Lin from IWUMD (Irrigation and Water Utility Management Department) also join to learn about the technique of maintenance.

Our group at the weather station

The weather is sunny and hot just like yesterday. We have to use umbrella to keep out the ultraviolet radiation. The maintenance procedure including downloading the data, updating program and software and changing the antenna.

Instruction of the maintenance by Ralph-san

After two-hours’ hard work, the maintenance is completed. But we still have to check if the data transfer between weather station and UTokyo & YTU server is working properly. Because of the data transferring occurs at the first ten minutes of every hour, we decide to have lunch first.

When we get to the resting place nearby, everyone is sweating heavily. But it worth the effort when you taste the delicacy. The goat soup is spicy and sour, the shrimp is sweet, all the cuisine plays a symphony on your tongue.

Delicacy at Salu Dam

The data transferring seems to be unsuccessful after checking. This made us really frustrated. But we have to double-check the updating and setting all over again. Even after that, the server still can’t get the data. We start to examine every detail setting including junction of cables. And luckily that’s where we find the problem. It turns out that one red cable has poor connect to relay. After reconnect that one everything works out fine~

After that, we went to another weather station which is at the downstream of Salu dam. This one is constructed with an old version of logger, so it’s more stable and doesn’t take too much time. We take this one more like a training course.

Discussion within the group

By the way, the landscape is also very fascinating, it reminds me of my hometown. And I would like to swim in the river if only I get my trunks.

20180327

By Liu Chang

Today is still a hard-working day. We went to Shwelaung Dam for maintenance. Everything seems to be fine except there being some insects in the sensor box. So, we have to take it out and clean it again.

Sensor Box with Excrement

But when we set the antenna, it turns out at the top of the steel pipe will the signal stronger. And it takes us a long time to DIY a holder for the antenna. And we have to go back to Salu Dam to enhance the antenna.

We discover some trouble of transferring data again in Salu Dam. When we at last tackled the problem, it was already at night.

Ralph working at night

antenna setted successfully

Thanks to the hard work of Ralph-san. All day hard-work is worth of a great dinner~

20180328

By Liu Chang

Today we go to Zaungdu Dam for maintenance. This is the last station and I kind of miss the day standing in the sunshine. The maintenance work turns out to be quite smooth, it takes shorter time than we expected. We had the lunch together, and I hope we can work together soon.

We by accident witness a beautiful blue bird, and it shall bring luck to all of us.

Model of the dam

Practice of Maintenance

Group Photo